Here are some links to various pieces of information (not published by Google) about the internals of the new Android OS:
http://benno.id.au/blog/2007/11/13/android-under-the-hood
http://benno.id.au/blog/2007/11/13/android-native-apps
A script to list the contents of the root filesystem: http://pastebin.ca/771989
(Yes, this is almost unreadable perl, and the regexps were created by trial and error until there were no more unmatched lines.)
The output of that script: http://pastebin.ca/771988
http://benno.id.au/blog/2007/11/14/android-filesystems
http://benno.id.au/blog/2007/11/14/android-busybox
Graphical console programming: http://groups.google.com/group/android-developers/msg/ace258af92fff692?dmode=source
Dynamic linking: http://groups.google.com/group/android-developers/msg/3d68334a74a9bab2?dmode=source
DEX format documentation: http://groups.google.com/group/android-developers/msg/d150de1d97f829be?dmode=source
Dalvik VM benchmarking vs native code: http://groups.google.com/group/android-developers/msg/69729d17c013452f?dmode=source